MSVCP140.dll is part of Microsofts Visual C++ Redistributable package. I believe you need both x86 and x64 versions (vc_redist.x86.exe && vc_redist.x64.exe) to be able to run the launcher and games.
As for the "failed to check for updates" error, I'm not 100% sure but try run the launcher as administrator and also make sure your firewall/antivirus has the relevant permissions.